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Friday, February 21, 2014

Table pada Oracle Database

Posted by Unknown  
2:12 PM

Dictionary Table

SQL>DESC dictionary

Mencari Infromasi Table di user shcema

SQL>SELECT table_name FROM user_tables; 

•Informasi Objek

SQL>COLUMN object_name FORMAT A15

SQL>COLUMN object_type FORMAT A15

SQL>SELECT obeject_name, object_type FROM user_objects;



Membuat Table

SQL> CREATE TABLE product

2 (kode_product VARCHAR2(5),

3 nama_product VARCHAR2(20),

4 harga_jual NUMBER(10),

5 satuan VARCHAR2(10),

6 stock NUMBER(4)

7  ;
 
Untuk mengisi datanya gunakan perintah INSERT

SQL>INSERT INTO product VALUES('AT001','BUKU',1500,'pcs',100);

SQL>INSERT INTO product VALUES('AT002','PENSIL',1000,'pcs',50);

SQL>INSERT INTO product VALUES('AT003','PENGARIS',2000,'pcs',20); 

Default Option

SQL> CREATE TABLE penjualan (no_order Number(5),

2 tgl_transaksi Date Default sysdate,

3 nama_pembeli Varchar2(15) Default 'Noname',

4 rp_transaksi Number(10) Default 0); 

Menampilkan informasi table lebih detail dari dictionary USER_TAB_COLUMNS

SQL> BREAK ON TABLE_NAME

SQL> COL TABLE_NAME FORMAT A10

SQL> COL COLUMN_NAME FORMAT A15

SQL> COL DATA TYPE FORMAT A15

SQL> COL DATA_TYPE FORMAT A15

SQL> COL DATA_DEFAULT FORMAT A15

SQL> SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type,

2 data_default from user_tab_columns

3 WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'PENJUALAN'; 

Cara memberi nilai default ada dua cara yaitu :
1.Mengabaikan kolom yang didefinisikan dengan nilai default

SQL> INSERT INTO penjualan (no_order) Values(1);

2. Menyebutkan secara eksplisit dengan DEFAULT

SQL> INSERT INTO penjualan VALUES (2,DEFAULT,'Toni',20000);

Membuat Table dengan Subquery

SQL> CREATE TABLE copy_pegawai

2 AS

3 SELECT * FROM pegawai;



SQL> CREATE TABLE copy_peg41

2 AS

3 SELECT * FROM pegawai

4 WHERE kode_bag=41;

Modifikasi Tabel

Menambah kolom

SQL> ALTER TABLE product

2 ADD (pct_diskon NUMBER(5,2) DEFAULT 0,

3 keterangan VARCHAR2(30));

*Cek Struktur Table SQL>DESC product
Modifikasi Kolom
Tambah jumlah karakter pada Kolom

SQL> ALTER TABLE product MODIFY (nama_product varchar2(25));

Ubah nilai default pada kolom

SQL> ALTER TABLE product MODIFY (pct_diskon DEFAULT 10); 

Mengahapus kolom

SQL> ALTER TABLE product DROP COLUMN keterangan; 

Mengubah nama Column

SQL> ALTER TABLE product RENAME COLUMN harga_jual TO harga_jual_product; 

Set Kolom menjadi UNUSED (kolom yang tidak digunakan)

SQL> ALTER TABLE product SET UNUSED COLUMN satuan; 

Informasi jumlah kolom yang sudah di UNUSED

SQL>SELECT * from user_unused_col_tabs; 

Menghapus kolom yang di set UNUSED

SQL> ALTER TABLE product DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;

Membuat Constraint

Primary Key

SQL> ALTER TABLE PRODUCT

2 ADD CONSTRAINT pk_product PRIMARY KEY (kode_product);

Unique

SQL> ALTER TABLE PRODUCT

2 ADD CONSTRAINT uq_product UNIQUE (nama_product); 
 
Check

SQL> ALTER TABLE pegawai

2 ADD CONSTRAINT ck_gaji CHECK (gaji>=1000000);
Not Null

SQL> ALTER TABLE pegawai Modify userid constraint userid_nn NOT NULL; 

Foreign Key

SQL> ALTER TABLE pegawai

2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_kode_bag FOREIGN KEY (kode_bag)

3 REFERENCES bagian(kode_bag); 

Mengetahui Constraint pada table

SQL> SELECT constraint_name, table_name, constraint_type

2 from user_constraints where table_name=’PRODUCT’;

Disable dan Enable Constraint

•Langkan pertama adalah mengecek dahulu status constraintnya dengan perintah

SQL> SELECT constraint_name, table_name, status

2 FROM user_constraints WHERE

3 table_name IN('EMPLOYEE','DEPARTEMENT');
 
Disable

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 DISABLE CONSTRAINT ck_gaji_emp; 
 
•Enable

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 ENABLE CONSTRAINT ck_gaji_emp; 
 
Menghapus Constraint

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 DROP CONSTRAINT ck_gaji_emp;

Penerapan Constraint Relasi

Pada table dengan relasi, statement delete terkadang gagal

SQL> DELETE departement

2 where kode=10;

DELETE departement

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-02292: integrity constraint (SALES.FK_KODE_DEPT) violated - child record found

Hal ini terjadi karena pada saat pendefinisian constraint fk_kode_dept tidak diikuti option ON DELETE CASCADE atau ON DELETE SET NULL.

SQL> Alter table employee

2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_kode_dept FOREIGN KEY(kode)

3 REFERENCES departement(kode) ON DELETE SET NULL; 
 
Coba Delete kembali

SQL> DELETE departement where kode=10; 
 
ON DELETE CASCADE

SQL> Alter table employee

2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_kode_dept FOREIGN KEY(kode)

3 REFERENCES departement(kode) ON DELETE CASCADE;

Truncate Tabel

Buatlah Tabel dengan data dummy

SQL> CREATE TABLE COPY_PEG

2 as

3 SELECT * FROM pegawai;

•Table created.

SQL> BEGIN

2 FOR X IN 1..8 LOOP

3 INSERT INTO COPY_PEG

4 SELECT * FROM COPY_PEG;

5 END LOOP;

6 COMMIT;

7 END;

8 /

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